Problem 3 - Programming Languages

1.

Explain the following strategies of function/procedure calls in programming languages:

• call-by-value;
• call-by-variable;
• call-by-name.

2.

Give an example program which returns different answers depending on which strategies are used among call-by-value and call-by-name.

1.

See [PAU96] for a detailed answer.

2.

See [HIN86] for a detailed answer.